The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.